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BIM Resource Planning

  • 1.  BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 03-29-2012 07:41 PM


    We have been working almost exclusively in BIM (Revit) for a number of years now and we area still grappling with how to estimate task duration and allotted hours for producing a project in BIM.

    In the days of 2D CAD, we simply put together a cartoon set, took that drawing sheet count and estimated hours per sheet, totaled it and we had a work plan that could be used to confirm fees as well as assign and track tasks for the project.

    That has changed with BIM. Certainly we still produce sheets of drawings but that is now a small part of the total effort. Most of our work is in developing the model. We divide that scope between individuals depending on the size and complexity of the project. Sometimes it is by area of the building. Other times it is by building component such as roof, enclosure or interior partitions.

    Our dilemma is that we have insufficient experience in estimating the duration for the tasks that involve modeling. It varies greatly depending on the task and the proficiency of the individual. We are trying to develop a standard that at least can be used as a template for our projects.

    How have the rest of you managed this issue? Have you established any guidelines or procedures to help increase the validity of our resource estimate?

    Thank you in advance for you input.
    Sincerely

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    John Kudrycki AIA
    Fentress Architects
    Denver CO
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  • 2.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 03-30-2012 08:30 AM
    It would seem that this is a common issue.  We as well have migrated to Revit and use it for all projects except some renovation where the record docuemnts are conventional CAD.  We have not found that the hours of time spent per phase has shifted to the left on the bell curve as many would profess.  In a raw analysis, we find that our hours have not decreased on similar projects as the BIM world would proclaim.  This coupled with the lower fee structures that seem to be prevalent, it is more difficult to use a standard when establishing fees. 

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    Kerry Hogue AIA
    HKS, Inc.
    Dallas TX
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  • 3.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 04-06-2012 08:49 PM
    We are now evaluating moving to Revit and are having the same questioning about time estimation.
    I wonder if anyone has done a comparison of per sheet time.
    How many hours did you estimate for the 2D sheet drawing?

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    Rafael Selman Intl. Assoc. AIA
    Principal
    Selman & Asociados - Arquitectura
    Santo Domingo

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  • 4.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 04-09-2012 08:10 AM

    We moved to Revit in 2001. Having done over 300 projects, we know that the thinking has to be about a final model, rather than 2D sheets. While 2D sheets are still a much preferred output for signing and sealing a set of contract documents in most of the US, the BIM model has much, much more information available to the design team. Learning how to use this "data base" of BIM information is new to many, and to some... not very user friendly either. It is however, if done properly, a huge resource of information.

    Given that the BIM model begins at the beginning of the first input for the model (data base )......estimating time per sheet as an output is not the same thing it used to be.

    We use Revit early.....it requires decisions early....regarding not only the horizontal, but the vertical, the thickness, and the materials, etc......we don't think of BIM as a drafting tool but rather a comprehensive model that allows visualization of the final product. While the output may have the appearance of 2D sheets currently, we don't think this will always be the output....rather the entire model will be the export to the field for the construction industry.

    So, while you would think that we would have found a way to estimate time, we still have difficulty, even after 11 years........ and a lot of it has to do with the user input skills and experience with not only the software, but the ability to understand and assemble a building......as usual.

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    Richard McNeel AIA
    JBHM Architects, P.A.
    Jackson MS
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  • 5.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 04-09-2012 10:17 AM

    Rafael,

    We estimate between 175 and 225 hours per sheet depending on a number of factors:
    1. Size of project
    2. Public or private
    3. Delivery method - Design bid build or design build
    4. Project building type
    5. Project complexity.

    I was hoping that someone out there had a template format for the modeling tasks already set up. Tasks like:
    1. Building envelop
    2. Interior partitions
    3. Mechanical coordination
    4.ETC

    Best regards


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    John Kudrycki AIA
    Fentress Architects
    Denver CO
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  • 6.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 04-12-2012 12:56 AM
    Thanks John for your response.
    Sadly I can't help you with the modeling tasks that you're looking for.
    We're just starting to look at BIM as an option for our firm, but are a little reluctant until we understand clearly the pros & cons.
    Anyways, if you ever find that list I would love to see it too.
    Thanks and best regards,

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    Rafael Selman Intl. Assoc. AIA
    Principal
    Selman & Asociados - Arquitectura
    Santo Domingo

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  • 7.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 04-11-2012 09:26 AM

    Architects are once again faced with a dilemma caused by the conundrum of technology. 
    How can you run a business without understanding the fundamental cost of the labor needed to produce the product in that business. 
    Not only has this BIM issue caused an inability to judge fees it also has tremendous cost to employees and employers regarding software purchase and training.  How can you invest in a business without knowing what is the potential return on investment for the elements needed to produce in the business?
    There must be a way. We cannot be this vulnerable and survive. 


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    Richard Franklin AIA
    Franklin Associates, Architects/ Planners
    Franklin Associates
    New York NY
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  • 8.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 04-12-2012 09:51 AM

    Once again we have fallen in love with the idea of technology making our lives easier. It has clearly demonstrated that the real power is in the hands of contractor. Here we are making virtual model of constructed building so the contractor does not have to think or solve in-field problems. As design professional we pride ourselves on solving the spatial and visual quality of the project but over time we have taken on more and more risk by doing more and more drawings making the detailing of buildings our scope of work. And now we are building the buildings virtually for the contractor. Taking on even more risk and not getting compensated for it. And to ad insult to injury we can't even figure out what our cost are in this no paradigm. We need to get smarter on how far we are willing to be taken advantage of.



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    Joel Davidson AIA
    Joel Davidson, Architect
    New York NY
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  • 9.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 04-13-2012 01:22 PM

    There's no doubt that BIM changes everything & I suggest that how we perceive this change can make all the difference. If you see BIM and technology as a burden & a conundrum, then there is little value for you. If you want to use BIM as a drawing or CAD tool, there is little benefit for you. I also argue that architect's are not risk takers, but in fact, risk adverse. This trend of technology aversion and risk avoidance has been with us for decades.

    In contrast, some construction firms are approaching BIM by forming their own internal BIM groups. It's not uncommon to see them create a construction BIM model, in parallel or after the A/E has completed their documentation. This is happening for several reasons - Sometimes risk adverse A/E's won't share their model, don't make a useable model or don't use BIM at all. There's no doubt that the construction BIM model is different from the design BIM model, but they can be integrated. It's intersting to note that these contractors often see the value (profit) in BIM even when forced to recreate the entire model.

    BIM's value is leveraged best when utilized from concept through facility management. Architect's have an opportunity with BIM to become a larger part of a building project by seeking new business opportunities in these and other areas. As the contractorapproach mentioned above shows, there is a real need and value to these services.

    The question is will architect's or somebody else fill this need? I really want to see our profession prosper but it won't happen without intentional change.

    Sincerely,
    Dennis
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    Dennis McNeal AIA
    Autodesk, Inc.
    Manchester NH
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  • 10.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 05-24-2012 03:38 PM


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    Alan Burcope AIA, MBA, LEED AP
    Saint Louis MO
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    Mr. McNeal's vision for future opportunities in architectural practice, integrating post-occupancy real estate services with traditional design services, is viable.  I have seen the value that BIM and GIS have brought to clients in the operations of facilities, and the opportunities are growing.  Architecture firms have historically been very poor in identifying and capitalizing on these kinds of "value" added opportunities.  This fact may arise from a number of complicating facts such as deeply held biases, challenges created by firm power structures and even inflexibility in the AIA business model of practice.

    AutoDesk has created tools which can be leveraged, but I do not believe that they have the best interest of the architectural community as central to their business strategies.  I believe that they see the disruption of the architectural profession as collateral damage.  I do not blame AutoDesk, they are in business to increase share holder equity, just as architect are to build their own wealth, but I am not sure that architects, given the choice, would prefer the future practice model vision that Mr. McNeal alludes to in his post.





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  • 11.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 05-24-2012 03:38 PM
    Dennis has it right, our profession has become risk averse-that's why we struggle to prove our value to our clients and for many of our services we've become just another commodity to be bought. BIM is the next generation of computer technology to bring value to the process of designing and constructing a building and those of us who don't embrace and master the technology do so at our further peril as a profession.

    I have been a believer in better integrating design and construction for a very long time-think how archaic a process we engage in- the architect prepares a set of drawings for a building and depending on the size and complexity can take 6-12 months to prepare-a contractor then analyzes that set, prepares a bid and if successful, engages many trade contractors to do the work but before they do, they have to re-draw the project via shop drawings so that we can make sure they have interpreted our design correctly-such a waste of human resources! BIM helps to shorten and in many cases elimanate that time consuming cycle, not to mention that our drawings are better coordinated with all of our consultants reducing that ever present change order for lack of coordination.

    Yes, it may take us longer to prepare our drawings and it is new territory for us to estimate that time correctly, but it does not take too long to understand that time element. Perhaps Autodesk can help that process by making available any data they may have that compares the time it should take to build a BIM model vs a conventional CAD application. 

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    Anthony Schirripa FAIA
    Chairman
    Mancini Duffy / TSC
    New York NY
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  • 12.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 05-24-2012 03:38 PM

    Fundamentally the practice of architecture has two components: 1. to design a truly unique and client fulfilling work. 2. To make enough money to move on to the next project. When you combine both of those tenets you get a certain amount of entrepreneurial sprit. What I find most disturbing about the BIM movement is that it is moving architects to become the draftsman of the contracting industry.

    I have been working long enough to have seen the birth and death of AutoCAD and in that time I have seen the number of drawing quintuple in a drawing set , the time to create drawing cut in half and the number of lawsuits triple. What we are doing instead of focusing on how our designs can best work with our clients to improve efficiency in movement or efficiency in energy use or creating better special quality. We are letting this BIM movement convince us that creating drawings faster for the contractor will equate to better architecture.

    We are doing a disservice to this generation of architects, who are enamored by technology already, by instilling in them that all they have to do is input all the data and the BIM program will create the optimum architecture. Now, I am not against technology: It is a whole lot easier to drive to Washington from New York in a car than ride a horse that entire distance.

    However, we need to temper this lust for looking to technology fix to our profession and to engage in real dialogue with ourselves to define what is a fair role for the architect to play between the contractor and our client.



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    Joel Davidson AIA
    New York NY
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  • 13.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 05-24-2012 03:38 PM
    I wonder if one of the reasons construction firms are finding it necessary to 'recreate the model' is that the current state of BIM software makes interoperability difficult or impossible.  Unless a contractor was going to keep on hand a license for every BIM platform out there, updated each year, and a staff trained to use all those different platforms, how would  they engage in the diverse sea of information out there seamlessly?   

    A means to share model information that is independent of the platform being used to create the model seems key to the future of using BIM as a platform for communication.  How that level of communication works from the perspective of software vendors is perhaps the largest conundrum to be solved.   At some level, behind the scenes, all BIM software is just a user interface in front of a database.  Getting a non-proprietary foundation to the database may be the hat trick our industry and profession really needs.

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    Michael Malinowski AIA
    AIA Director - California Region
    Applied Architecture, Inc.
    Sacramento CA
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  • 14.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 04-12-2012 12:01 PM
    I agree with your comment.   At the advent of CADD in 1980's and into 1990's many non-Cadd literate principals and PM's 'estimated' CADD time for contracts and when 'proficient cadd jockeys' went over, we were criticized or penalized.  Now with the complications of BIM, Revit, the need for 'final' design decisions and specs earlier in the project in order to incorporate, and worse if LEEDS is included, and the whole process is more complicated.  I could not understand how iconic buildings were hand drafted by architects and 'draftsmen' and got built in record time, i.e. Empire State Bldg., Chrysler Bldg. WTC Towers, and many lesser bldgs. and yet all this 'technology' has actually increased delays, defects, errors and omissions, etc., etc. In my opinion it goes back to the architecture education curriculum, IDP replacing a real  'apprenticeship', and too many non-licensed people in the profession that will never be licensed but are employed due to lower labor costs.  And don't forget the software companies using us for their ever increasing revenue stream.
    This needs some serious attention for those that want to stay in the profession 5 and 10 years from now.

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    Mary Graham
    Mary D. Graham, AIA
    Pompano Beach FL
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  • 15.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 04-11-2012 08:16 PM
    I think the last time I did an hourly estimate based on sheets was when we were still drawing by hand.  That concept was diluted when CADD came along - you saved time because the base of the RCP was inherent in the floor plan, but you also found yourself adding things like "slab plans", which were never done by hand (in my experience).

    BIM is another sort of creature altogether, but perhaps it's useful to think of Architectural Deliverables - what are the drawings, CADD files, or virtual model intended to convey?

    I imagine this list would vary by project type and personal preference, but what if you estimated your time based on the following categories?
    • Initial conceptual design in plan and elevation
    • Floor plan design development
    • Exterior design development
    • Code analysis and compliance planning
    • Team integration work - coordinating with owner, consultants, and contractor
    • Interior detailing
    • Exterior detailing
    • Specification extraction and coordination
    • You could also allocate time for cost/schedule analysis if your BIM project gets into those areas

    I don't know if the old divisions of SD/DD/CD/CA work so well for BIM anymore, as you really can get into CA concepts in the virtual model in early design work.  However, if you focus on what you need to deliver as an Architect, then at least you're looking at time spent on a relevant task, as opposed to an abstract measure such as hours per sheet.

    Either way, create a system you are comfortable with and start tracking hours.  That's the only way to truly know where the time is spent on a project, and you'll be able to refine your time estimates as you work through your system a few times.

    As a check, you can take your fee and devolve it into hours.  Say that after deducting consultants fees and a targeted profit percentage you end up with a fee of $350,000.  You can divide that number by a weighted average hourly cost (average of hourly cost of drafters, project architects, and principals) to arrive at a total hours available.  If the weighted average was $85 per hour, that would leave you with (350,000/85) 4118 hours.  If three people work on it full time, that cuts the calendar timeline to 1373 hours, or 34 weeks.

    Klaus Steinke AIA
    Principal
    Klaus Steinke Architect
    Las Vegas NV
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  • 16.  RE:BIM Resource Planning

    Posted 04-12-2012 11:18 AM
    Are we discussing fees, or cost to produce, here?

    The question posed was about cost to produce, but that can quickly turn into a rough estimate of fees. Calculate hours, add a little profit and, there is your fee, right?

    I hope I am reading this wrong, but this whole string of questions and responses is somewhat disturbing to me. It seems we are aksing and answering the wrong question here. Isn't it true that we should not be focused on estimating the hours for modeling, but rather the value of the services we provide? If we only have time to sell, we are selling ourselves short. What the client is paying for is knowledge and expertise in design. If one assumes that talent is a commodity that is equally available from every firm and the firm brings no other value to the design, we are in trouble as a profession.

    I, for one am sickened by the thought of working for months on a project with teams of engineers and other designers for about the same fee as the person who will give a few tours of the building, then broker a real estate sale. The value we bring in designing a building is much more important to the end product than the time we put into it.

    There is a place for calculating the time to complete a job for management purposes, but I fear that the discussion we are seeing here is for the purpose of setting fees, and that scares me!

    Please tell me we are talking about how to manage personnel, not how to quote fees for BIM services. What is the added value to the owner because we use BIM to do a project? How is it different to the owner from if we did it in 2D, or even hand drew it? That is the question that needs to be answered for me. And I understand that it is a different question than was asked here. I'm just not sure everyone on this forum understands this.

    Some owners will value BIM greatly, others not at all. Some are just concerned with getting a building and do not care how it is delivered. Should these pay for services they do not want or care about?

    I feel BIM should be offered at a premium for those clients who want it, because it takes a more advanced skill set, as noted in previous posts. One needs to make more decisions about the building earlier in the process. Just any draftsman cannot do that. As many have discovered, having the wrong unskilled person on a BIM project can be a disaster, because they are not able to make those decisions correctly.

    Since we have been banned from discussing fees, per se, I will just say that I feel the value BIM brings to the client is at least a 10% increase in the value of the services, often much more. But I doubt fees reflect that.

    How does this fit into the current discussion?

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    Gary Nicholson AIA
    LifeWay Architecture
    Nashville TN
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